![]() īyatarayappa G, G RM, R S et al (2023) A comparative study on electrochemical performance of KOH activated carbons derived from different biomass sources -Musa acuminata stem, Pongamia pinnata seed oil extract cake, cajanus cajan stem and Asclepias syriaca floss. īorghei SA, Zare MH, Ahmadi M et al (2021) Synthesis of multi-application activated carbon from oak seeds by KOH activation for methylene blue adsorption and electrochemical supercapacitor electrode. īorah P, Chandra Boro S, Kalita MPC (2023) Effective photodegradation of acetaminophen by V2O5 nanocrystals under simulated solar radiation. īeltrame KK, Cazetta AL, de Souza PSC et al (2018) Adsorption of caffeine on mesoporous activated carbon fibers prepared from pineapple plant leaves. Graphical Abstractīachmann SAL, Calvete T, Féris LA (2021) Caffeine removal from aqueous media by adsorption: an overview of adsorbents evolution and the kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. The mechanism of adsorption of acetaminophen and caffeine by TB-KOH was described by the involvement of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions between the surface of TB-KOH and the molecules of the contaminants. The isotherm data was best fitted to the Sips model, and the thermodynamic study indicated that acetaminophen removal was endothermic, while caffeine removal was exothermic. For the bicomponent solution adsorption, the maximum adsorption capacity was 199.4 and 297.5 mg g −1 for acetaminophen and caffeine, respectively. ![]() The monocomponent adsorption equilibrium was reached in 90 min with a maximum adsorption capacity of 424.7 and 350.8 mg g −1 for acetaminophen and caffeine, respectively. Through the characterizations, it was observed that the activation with KOH contributed to the development of porosity and functional groups (-OH, C-O, and C = O) on the surface of TB. Furthermore, modelling using advanced statistical physical models was performed to describe how acetaminophen and caffeine molecules are adsorbed in the active sites of TB-KOH. TB-KOH was characterized through physical–chemical analysis to understand its surface morphology and how it contributes to the adsorption of these drugs. As a result, the study of the TB-KOH characterization as well as the adsorption kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and a suggestion of the global adsorption mechanism are presented. The adsorption capacity of TB-KOH was evaluated for the removal of acetaminophen and caffeine in monocomponent and bicomponent solutions. ![]() Tingui biochar (TB) activated with potassium hydroxide (TB-KOH) was synthesized in the present study.
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